Title: Animal Farm
Author: George Orwell
Genre: Allegorical novella / Political satire
First published: 1945
➤ Summary:
Animal Farm is an allegorical story about a group of farm animals who overthrow their human owner in hopes of creating an equal and just society. The novella explores power, corruption, and the betrayal of ideals, reflecting events leading up to the Russian Revolution and the rise of the Soviet Union.
➤ The rebellion:
The animals on Manor Farm, led by Old Major, a wise old pig, dream of a world free from human oppression. Old Major’s speech inspires the animals to revolt against Mr. Jones, the farm owner, successfully taking over the farm and renaming it Animal Farm.
➤ The rise of the pigs:
Napoleon and Snowball, two intelligent pigs, take leadership roles. Snowball focuses on improving the farm with ideas like building a windmill, while Napoleon gradually seizes power, using propaganda and intimidation to eliminate his rivals.
➤ The corruption of ideals:
Over time, the pigs begin to resemble the humans they overthrew. They enjoy privileges, change rules to suit themselves, and manipulate the other animals with slogans like “All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.” The ideals of equality and freedom are gradually replaced by tyranny and oppression.
➤ The tragic ending:
By the end, the animals realize they cannot tell pigs from humans, symbolizing the failure of the revolution and the cyclical nature of power and corruption. The farm’s initial hope for equality is completely betrayed.
➤ Themes:
Power and corruption: Absolute power corrupts absolutely, as shown by Napoleon’s rise.
Propaganda and manipulation: Language and misinformation are used to control and deceive.
Class struggle and inequality: The novella critiques social hierarchies and the betrayal of revolutionary ideals.
The dangers of blind loyalty: The animals’ unquestioning obedience leads to their exploitation.
➤ Tone and style:
Orwell uses simple, clear prose with allegorical elements. The story is accessible yet deeply symbolic, combining political critique with a fable-like narrative that resonates with both young and adult readers.
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