William Golding’s Lord of the Flies is an allegorical novel that explores the dark side of human nature through the story of a group of British boys stranded on an uninhabited island during a wartime evacuation.
Plot Summary:
A plane crashes on a
remote tropical island, leaving a group of schoolboys aged between 6 and 12 as
the only survivors. With no adults to guide them, the boys attempt to govern
themselves.
- Ralph, a charismatic
and sensible boy, is elected leader. He emphasizes the importance of
maintaining a signal fire to increase their chances of rescue.
- Piggy, an intelligent
but physically weak boy, becomes Ralph’s advisor and represents logic and
order.
- Jack, who leads the
choirboys, becomes obsessed with hunting and gradually turns savage. He
resents Ralph’s authority and forms a rival group, embracing violence and
primal instincts.
As fear of a mythical
"beast" spreads, chaos grows. The boys' fragile society collapses:
- Simon, a quiet and
spiritual boy, discovers that the “beast” is a dead parachutist. When he
tries to share this truth, the frenzied boys mistake him for the beast and
kill him.
- Piggy is later murdered
by Jack’s tribe, symbolizing the complete breakdown of rational order.
- Ralph becomes a hunted
outcast.
The novel ends with the
boys being rescued by a naval officer, who is shocked at what they’ve become.
The boys, especially Ralph, are overcome with emotion, realizing the extent of
their descent into savagery.
Themes:
- Civilization vs. Savagery
- Loss of Innocence
- Innate Human Evil
- Leadership and Power
- Fear and the Unknown
Lord of the
Flies ultimately suggests that
when left without societal structures, humans may revert to cruelty and chaos.
It remains a powerful commentary on human nature and morality.
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