B2 English Topics PDF Download
Verb Tenses
and Forms:
- Present tenses:
- Present Simple (for habits, facts,
schedules)
- Present Continuous (for actions happening
now, temporary situations, future arrangements)
- Present Perfect Simple (for experiences,
unfinished actions, recent events with a result in the present)
- Present Perfect Continuous (for actions
that started in the past and continue up to the present, or for actions
that have recently finished and have a visible result)
- Past tenses:
- Past Simple (for finished actions in the
past)
- Past Continuous (for actions in progress
in the past)
- Past Perfect (for an action completed
before another action in the past)
- "Used to" (for past habits and
states)
- Future forms:
- "Will" (for spontaneous
decisions, predictions, offers)
- "Be going to" (for plans,
intentions, predictions based on evidence)
- Future Continuous (for actions in
progress at a specific time in the future)
- Present Continuous for future
arrangements
- Present Simple for future schedules
(e.g., "The train leaves at 7 PM.")
- Gerunds and Infinitives:
Understanding when to use a verb + -ing (gerund) or "to" + verb
(infinitive) after certain verbs, adjectives, and prepositions.
Modals and
Auxiliary Verbs:
- Modal verbs:
- Obligation, prohibition, necessity (must,
have to, should, needn't)
- Ability and possibility (can, could, be
able to)
- Deduction (must, might, could, can't)
- Advice and suggestions (should, ought to,
had better)
- Permission and requests (can, could, may,
might)
- Question tags
(e.g., "It's a nice day, isn't it?")
Conditionals:
- Zero Conditional
(for general truths and facts: If + present simple, present simple)
- First Conditional
(for real or likely situations in the future: If + present simple, will +
infinitive)
- Second Conditional
(for unreal or imaginary situations in the present or future: If + past
simple, would + infinitive)
- Third Conditional
(for unreal situations in the past: If + past perfect, would have + past
participle)
- Expressing wishes and regrets
(I wish, if only)
Nouns,
Pronouns, and Determiners:
- Articles (a/an, the, no
article)
- Quantifiers
(much, many, a lot of, little, few, some, any, no, all, both, either,
neither)
- Reflexive pronouns
(myself, yourself, etc.)
- Indefinite pronouns (something,
anything, nothing, somebody, anybody, nobody, etc.)
- Relative clauses:
- Defining relative clauses (who, which,
that, where, when, whose)
- Non-defining relative clauses
Adjectives and
Adverbs:
- Comparatives and superlatives
(e.g., taller, tallest, more beautiful, most beautiful)
- Adjectives ending in -ed/-ing
(e.g., bored/boring, interested/interesting)
- Position of adverbs and adverbial phrases
- Intensifiers
(so, such, too, enough)
- Compound adjectives
(e.g., a two-day trip)
Other
Important Topics:
- Passive voice
(present, past, and future simple passive forms)
- Reported speech
(statements, questions, commands)
- Connecting words and clauses
(conjunctions like although, despite, because, so, for, while, etc.)
- Prepositions
(of place, time, movement, and those that follow verbs or adjectives)
- Phrasal verbs
(a broader range of common phrasal verbs)
- Indirect questions
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