B1 English Grammar PDF


B2 English Topics PDF Download

Verb Tenses and Forms:

  • Present tenses:
    • Present Simple (for habits, facts, schedules)
    • Present Continuous (for actions happening now, temporary situations, future arrangements)
    • Present Perfect Simple (for experiences, unfinished actions, recent events with a result in the present)
    • Present Perfect Continuous (for actions that started in the past and continue up to the present, or for actions that have recently finished and have a visible result)
  • Past tenses:
    • Past Simple (for finished actions in the past)
    • Past Continuous (for actions in progress in the past)
    • Past Perfect (for an action completed before another action in the past)
    • "Used to" (for past habits and states)
  • Future forms:
    • "Will" (for spontaneous decisions, predictions, offers)
    • "Be going to" (for plans, intentions, predictions based on evidence)
    • Future Continuous (for actions in progress at a specific time in the future)
    • Present Continuous for future arrangements
    • Present Simple for future schedules (e.g., "The train leaves at 7 PM.")
  • Gerunds and Infinitives: Understanding when to use a verb + -ing (gerund) or "to" + verb (infinitive) after certain verbs, adjectives, and prepositions.

Modals and Auxiliary Verbs:

  • Modal verbs:
    • Obligation, prohibition, necessity (must, have to, should, needn't)
    • Ability and possibility (can, could, be able to)
    • Deduction (must, might, could, can't)
    • Advice and suggestions (should, ought to, had better)
    • Permission and requests (can, could, may, might)
  • Question tags (e.g., "It's a nice day, isn't it?")

Conditionals:

  • Zero Conditional (for general truths and facts: If + present simple, present simple)
  • First Conditional (for real or likely situations in the future: If + present simple, will + infinitive)
  • Second Conditional (for unreal or imaginary situations in the present or future: If + past simple, would + infinitive)
  • Third Conditional (for unreal situations in the past: If + past perfect, would have + past participle)
  • Expressing wishes and regrets (I wish, if only)

Nouns, Pronouns, and Determiners:

  • Articles (a/an, the, no article)
  • Quantifiers (much, many, a lot of, little, few, some, any, no, all, both, either, neither)
  • Reflexive pronouns (myself, yourself, etc.)
  • Indefinite pronouns (something, anything, nothing, somebody, anybody, nobody, etc.)
  • Relative clauses:
    • Defining relative clauses (who, which, that, where, when, whose)
    • Non-defining relative clauses

Adjectives and Adverbs:

  • Comparatives and superlatives (e.g., taller, tallest, more beautiful, most beautiful)
  • Adjectives ending in -ed/-ing (e.g., bored/boring, interested/interesting)
  • Position of adverbs and adverbial phrases
  • Intensifiers (so, such, too, enough)
  • Compound adjectives (e.g., a two-day trip)

Other Important Topics:

  • Passive voice (present, past, and future simple passive forms)
  • Reported speech (statements, questions, commands)
  • Connecting words and clauses (conjunctions like although, despite, because, so, for, while, etc.)
  • Prepositions (of place, time, movement, and those that follow verbs or adjectives)
  • Phrasal verbs (a broader range of common phrasal verbs)
  • Indirect questions



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